Piston



(N'o Model.)

W. WARNER.

Piston.

FIG.2.

FIG.1,

N.PETERS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON, D c.

UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICEO WARREN WARNER, OF GINCINNATI, OHIO.

PISTON.

SPECIFICATION formng part of Letters Patent No. 234374, dated November 9, 1880.

Application filed June 21, 1880.

T 0 all whom it may cmcern Be it known that I, VVARREN VVARNER, of Gincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio, have in- Vented certain new and useful Improvenents in Pistons, of which the following is a specification.

Thisinvention relates to those pistons whose elastic packing-rings are forced outwardly by the pressure of water or steam, or other medium employed for driving the engine or motor; and my improvement comprises a novel combination ot' head, follower, packing-ring, and gaskets, whereby such a piston is rendered especially applicable to hydraulic elevators, the details ot' this Construction being hereinafter fully described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the anneXed drawings, Figure l is an axial section of the form of my piston adapted for use with a hydraulic elevator that operates with a pnlling force. Fig. 2 is an aXial section of the Component members of the piston detached from' each other. Fig. 3 is an axal section ot' the form of my piston adapted for use with a hydraulic elevator tha-t operates with a pushing force. Fig. et is a plan of the head of the latter form of the device, the follower of the same being removed; and Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional View of a modification of the invention.

A represents a portion of the cylinder of the hydraulic elevator or other water-motor, and B is the piston-rod of the same, said rod being secured in any approved manner to the head G, which latter, as represented in Figs. l and 2, is provided with an annular fiange, D, tapped at d to receive the bolts E, wherewith the follower F is Secured to the piston. Furthermore, this head has a circular series of holes, c, whose duty will presently appear.

The follower F, just referred to, is preferably annular, and when secured in position elamps a gasket, G, between it and the face of fiange D. H is another gasket, resting against the head G, and extending from the margin of the same to the outer perphery of flange D, said gasket having perforations h in line with the holes c. Located between these two gaskets is the packing-ring I, which may be a complete annulus, or it may be composed of a number of sections or segments. Furthermore, this ring and the gaskets Gr H are (No model.)

made of leather or india-rubber, or other fibrous or non-metallic material, as the use ot' metal at this part of the piston would render the latter unfit for hydraulic purposes.

When the water is exerting its force in the direction of the arrowseen in Fig. 1, it is evident the fluid enters the apertnres c h, thereby filling the annnlar chanber between the flange D and ring' I, and consequently the latter is eXpanded in exact proportion to the pressure in cylinder A. In this respect my device is not materiali y different from other steam or water-packed pistons; but the in terposition ot' the gaskets Gr and H renders said device much more sensitive, and thus insures a more reliable joint. It' the ringl were clamped directly between the metallic head G and follower F, v

said ring would soon become so firmly attached to these two members as to resist any action of the water, and consequently it would not be expanded so as to singly fill the bore of the cylinder. These g'askets, lowever, completely overcome this difficulty, as the packingring. never adheres to them, butis always free to expand the instant water is let into the oylinder, no matter how long the elevator may have remained unused. This form of my in- Vention may be modified by casting the flange D with the follower F, instead'of making it part of the piston-head.

When the device is to be applied to elevators that operate with a pushing action, as seen in Fig. 3, the fiange D is omitted from head G, and the latter is provided with a series of lugs or stumps, J, into which are tapped the bolts E, that secure the follower to the piston, or said lugs may be cast with the follower; but in either case the head O must be perfectly watertight. The operation of this pisten is essentially the same as the one seen in Fig. 1, the water now fiowing between the lugs J and expanding the ring I, which latter moves freely because it is clamped between the two gaskets Gr H, and not between metallic surfaces. This form of piston may be modified by placing the follower above thehead, and suitably perforating the latter, so as to allow the water to circulate around the lugs or stumps.

In the modification shown in Fig. 5, the lugs or stumps are omitted, and short tubes or washers are substituted therefor. This illus- IOO tration also shows the opposing surfaces of the head and follower ehamfered off near their margins, so as to impart a wedge shape to the packing-ring, and thereby render the latter more liable to expand with a Very slight pressure of water or other medium.

VVhichever formof my piston is adopted, care must be taken to arrange the gaskets G H in such a manncr as to prevent their outward expausion by the pressure of water or other fluid within the annular chamber of the piston. Such an expansionof gasketGis prevented by the bolts E, that pass through it, while any distention of gasket His guarded agaiustby fitting it up tightly against the outer wall or face of the annular fiange D of head O. This expansion of said gaskets is, lowever, prevented in many cases simply by the close adhesion that naturally occurs when india-rubber is maintained in contact with metal for any length of time; butthe packing-ring I is always free to expand, because it is elamped between said gaskets, and is nowhere in contact with metal.

I am aware it is not new to make a waterpacked pump-piston of three separate and distinet rings, all ot' which are capable of being expanded outwardly by the pressure of the fluid behind them, as this Construction is seen in Letters Patent No. 63,454, granted April 2,

1867, to M. J. Althouse; but as distinguished from this piston, and all others of a similar character, it is the intermediate ring alone in my piston that is allowed to expand, while the two outer rings or gaskets are arranged especiall to prevent such expansion.

I claim as my invention- 1. A water-packed piston consisting of an elastie non-metallic ring, I, clamped between two 'onmetallic gaskets, Gr H, which gaskets are applied to the piston in such a manner as to prevent them being expanded outwardly, as herein described.

2. The combination of head O, bolts E, follower F, non-metallic gaskets G H,e1astic nonmetallie packing-ring I, and stumps J, or the equivalents of said stumps, as and for the purpose specified.

3. The combination ot' perforated head G c, annular flange D d, follower F, non-metallic gaskets Gr H, and non -metallic packing-ring I, the gasket G being retained in position by the same bolts, E, that secure the t'ollower to the head, and the inner edge of gasket H being fitted up snugly against said flange D d, for the purpose stated.

ln testimony of which invention I hereuto set my hand.

XVARREN WARNER.

Wtnesses:

J AMEs H. LAYMAN, J EREMAH F. TWOHIG. 

